a study on the seleucid bullae based on the analyzing seal impressions

the seleucid seals and bullae play a significant role in understanding the administration and social structures of this period. due to the limitations in the seleucids sigillographic study, a wide variety of administrative archives of bullae found from important sites such as qumis, susa, babylon, nippur and kadesh are waiting for the researchers to deal with the bullae’s various aspects. apart from the hellenistic style, characteristic of bullae, they generally are bearing the impressions concerning the political and social status of seleucid officials as well as the bureaucratic economic system of the seleucid society. it seems that there has been association between the iconography of the seal and its owner’s social or political status. in some cases, the iconography of the seal could have been served to realize either the role of seal owners or his professional status because the privilege of some of iconographic motif of the seals were reserved for a certain class of nobility.